According to Kohlberg "a stage of moral development during which individuals judge morality largely in terms of existing social norms or rules" is known as which level of morality ?

Question

Accepted Answer

According to Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development, the "conventional level of morality" is the stage during which individuals judge morality largely in terms of existing social norms or rules. This level is characterized by an adherence to rules and conventions because they are seen as necessary for maintaining social order and relationships. At this stage, individuals are concerned with conforming to societal expectations and upholding laws and authority figures.

1. **Explanation for Option 2 (Conventional Level of Morality):**
   - The conventional level is the second of Kohlberg's three levels of moral development. It typically encompasses two stages: the "good interpersonal relationships" stage and the "maintaining social order" stage.
   - In the "good interpersonal relationships" stage, individuals act according to the expectations of their family and friends, seeking approval and maintaining relationships.
   - In the "maintaining social order" stage, individuals understand the importance of laws and rules in maintaining a functioning society. They believe that rules should be followed to uphold social order and prevent chaos.
   - Therefore, the conventional level is characterized by a strong emphasis on conformity to social norms and rules, making it the correct answer to the question.

2. **Explanation for why other options are incorrect:**

- **Option 1 (Preconventional Level of Morality):**
     - The preconventional level is the first level of Kohlberg's moral development theory. It is characterized by an egocentric viewpoint where moral reasoning is based on personal consequences. Individuals at this level make decisions based on avoiding punishment or seeking personal gain, rather than adhering to social norms or rules.
     - Therefore, this level does not align with the description of judging morality based on existing social norms or rules.

- **Option 3 (Postconventional Level of Morality):**
     - The postconventional level is the third and final level in Kohlberg's theory. It involves moral reasoning based on abstract principles and the recognition of universal ethical values. Individuals at this level may challenge existing laws and norms if they conflict with personal principles or universal human rights.
     - This level goes beyond mere adherence to social norms, focusing instead on higher ethical principles, which does not match the description given in the question.

- **Option 4 (Unconventional Level of Morality):**
     - The term "unconventional level of morality" is not part of Kohlberg's established theory of moral development. It does not correspond to any recognized stage or level within his framework.
     - As such, it cannot be the correct answer to the question, which specifically refers to a recognized stage in Kohlberg's theory.

In conclusion, the conventional level of morality is the correct answer because it accurately describes the stage where individuals judge morality based on existing social norms and rules, as outlined in Kohlberg's theory.