According to _____ the model of communication has three ingredients namely, Speaker-Speech- Audience.

Question

Accepted Answer

The correct option is 1:
The correct answer is **Aristotle** because his model is the most ancient and fundamental representation of the communication process, defined by the three core components: Speaker, Speech, and Audience. Developed around 300 B.C., Aristotle's model is a classic linear framework rooted in the art of rhetoric and public speaking, which he defined as "the faculty of discovering in any particular case all the available means of persuasion." The **Speaker** is the source who creates and delivers the persuasive message; the **Speech** is the message itself, encompassing the content and arguments used to influence; and the **Audience** is the ultimate receiver whose emotional and intellectual response is the measure of the communication's success. This model is distinctly one-way, focusing entirely on the effectiveness of the speaker in persuading the crowd, and therefore, it is universally recognized by its minimalist structure of three essential ingredients.

The incorrect option is 2:
The incorrect option is **Shannon-Weaver**. The Shannon-Weaver model, often referred to as the 'Mother of All Models,' is a significantly more complex system, containing many more than three primary components. Developed in 1948 by Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver, it was initially an engineering model of communication designed to improve the technical efficiency of telephone transmission. Its main elements are the Source, the Transmitter (Encoder), the Signal, the Channel, the Receiver (Decoder), the Destination, and, crucially, the concept of **Noise**, which represents any interference. Therefore, this model deals with at least seven distinct components and focuses on the technical fidelity and accuracy of the transmitted information, not the simple, persuasive structure of the Aristotelian framework.

The incorrect option is 3:
The incorrect option is **Berlo**. David Berlo's model, known by the acronym S-M-C-R (Source-Message-Channel-Receiver), has four distinct components, not three. Berlo adapted the linear model to incorporate behavioral science principles, emphasizing the skills and background of both the Source and the Receiver. While the Source is equivalent to Aristotle's Speaker and the Receiver to the Audience, Berlo explicitly separates the communication elements into four main categories. His focus on factors like communication skills, attitudes, knowledge, and socio-cultural systems distinguishes his model as a more detailed, yet still linear, extension of the simpler three-part model described in the question.

The incorrect option is 4:
The incorrect option is **Leagans**. J. Paul Leagans developed a model specifically for the context of Extension Education, which is focused on instructing and facilitating behavioral change in community settings. His framework is considerably more detailed than the three ingredients provided, aiming for a prescriptive and practical application. Leagans' model involves six essential elements: the Communicator (Source), the Message, the Channel, the **Treatment** (method of presentation), the Audience, and the **Response** (or effect). The inclusion of specific concepts like 'Treatment' and the detailed focus on the 'Response' as a feedback mechanism make his model a far more comprehensive and context-specific structure, clearly differentiating it from the historical 'Speaker-Speech-Audience' triad.