According to the Vygotsky the speech which is directed to the self, that is known as:

Question

Accepted Answer

According to Vygotsky, "private speech" is the term used to describe speech that is directed to oneself. This concept is a crucial part of Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development. Private speech is considered a tool for thought and self-regulation, where individuals, especially children, talk to themselves to guide their actions and thoughts. It is an intermediate stage between social speech, which is directed towards others, and inner speech, which is internalized and silent.

1. **Why Option 2 is Correct:**
   - Vygotsky believed that private speech plays a significant role in the development of higher mental functions. It helps individuals organize their thoughts, plan actions, and solve problems. As children grow, private speech becomes more internalized, transforming into inner speech or silent thinking. This self-directed speech is crucial for cognitive development and self-regulation, making Option 2, "Private speech," the correct answer.

2. **Why Other Options are Incorrect:**
   - **Option 1: Social speech** - Social speech is communication directed towards others. It involves interaction with other people and is used for social purposes, such as sharing information or expressing needs. It is not self-directed, and therefore, does not fit the description of speech directed to oneself.
   - **Option 3: External speech** - External speech generally refers to spoken language used in communication with others. While it can include both social and private speech, it is not specifically directed to the self. Thus, it does not accurately describe the concept of self-directed speech as defined by Vygotsky.
   - **Option 4: Interaction speech** - Interaction speech implies a dialogic or communicative exchange between individuals. It involves interaction and communication with others, rather than being directed towards oneself. Therefore, it does not align with the concept of private speech, which is self-directed.

In conclusion, Option 2, "Private speech," is the correct answer because it specifically refers to the self-directed speech that Vygotsky identified as crucial for cognitive development and self-regulation. The other options do not accurately capture this concept as they involve communication directed towards others rather than oneself.