Find out the correct combination of following two columns :
Deficiency – Disease
(a) Lack of Vitamin A – (i) Goiter
(b) Lack of Iron – (ii) Night blindness
(c) Lack of Calcium – (iii) Weakness of Bones
(d) Lack of Iodine – (iv) Anaemia

Question

Find out the correct combination of following two columns :  
Deficiency – Disease 
(a) Lack of Vitamin A – (i) Goiter  
(b) Lack of Iron – (ii) Night blindness  
(c) Lack of Calcium – (iii) Weakness of Bones  
(d) Lack of Iodine – (iv) Anaemia

Accepted Answer

Option 1 is the correct answer because it accurately matches the deficiencies with their corresponding diseases based on established medical knowledge:

1. **(a) Lack of Vitamin A - (ii) Night blindness**: Vitamin A is essential for maintaining healthy vision. A deficiency in Vitamin A can lead to night blindness, which is the inability to see well in low light or darkness. This is because Vitamin A is a critical component of rhodopsin, a protein in the eyes that helps with vision in dim light.

2. **(b) Lack of Iron - (iv) Anaemia**: Iron is a vital component of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. A deficiency in iron can lead to anemia, a condition characterized by fatigue and weakness due to insufficient oxygen delivery to the body's tissues.

3. **(c) Lack of Calcium - (iii) Weakness of Bones**: Calcium is crucial for maintaining strong bones and teeth. A deficiency in calcium can lead to weakened bones, increasing the risk of fractures and conditions like osteoporosis.

4. **(d) Lack of Iodine - (i) Goiter**: Iodine is necessary for the production of thyroid hormones. A deficiency in iodine can lead to goiter, which is the enlargement of the thyroid gland. This occurs because the thyroid gland enlarges in an attempt to capture more iodine from the bloodstream to produce adequate thyroid hormones.

Now, let's explain why the other options are incorrect:

- **Option 2**: This option incorrectly matches (c) Lack of Calcium with (i) Goiter and (d) Lack of Iodine with (iii) Weakness of Bones. Calcium deficiency is related to bone health, not goiter, and iodine deficiency is related to thyroid issues, not bone weakness.

- **Option 3**: This option incorrectly matches (a) Lack of Vitamin A with (iv) Anaemia and (b) Lack of Iron with (ii) Night blindness. Vitamin A deficiency is related to vision problems, not anemia, and iron deficiency is related to anemia, not vision problems.

- **Option 4**: This option incorrectly matches (a) Lack of Vitamin A with (i) Goiter and (d) Lack of Iodine with (iv) Anaemia. Vitamin A deficiency is related to vision issues, not thyroid enlargement, and iodine deficiency is related to thyroid issues, not anemia.

Therefore, Option 1 is the only option that correctly aligns each deficiency with its corresponding disease, based on scientific understanding.