In Erikson's theory, which psycho social crises proceeds Autonomy Vs Shame.

Question

Accepted Answer

The correct option is 1: Basic trust Vs Mistrust.

In Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, each stage presents a unique psychosocial crisis that individuals must navigate. These crises occur in a predetermined, sequential order, with the successful resolution of each stage laying the foundation for the next. The crisis "Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt" is the second stage, typically occurring between 18 months and 3 years of age, where toddlers strive for independence and self-control. The stage that *precedes* this is "Basic Trust vs. Mistrust," which is the first stage of development, spanning from birth to 18 months. During this initial stage, infants learn to trust their caregivers to meet their fundamental needs. If consistent and responsive care is provided, the child develops a sense of trust; conversely, inconsistent or neglectful care can lead to a sense of mistrust. This foundational experience of trust or mistrust directly impacts a child's ability to develop autonomy in the subsequent stage. A child who has developed a basic sense of trust is more likely to feel secure enough to explore their independence without excessive shame or doubt.

The incorrect option is 2: Industry Vs Inferiority. This is Erikson's fourth stage, occurring during middle childhood (approximately 6 to 11 years), where children develop a sense of competence in social and academic skills. It comes much later than Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt.

The incorrect option is 3: Identity Vs Role confusion. This is Erikson's fifth stage, prominent during adolescence (12 to 18 years), where individuals explore their sense of self and personal identity. This stage occurs significantly after Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt.

The incorrect option is 4: Initiative Vs Guilt. This is Erikson's third stage, following Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt, typically occurring during the preschool years (3 to 5 years). In this stage, children begin to assert control over the world through play and social interactions, learning to plan activities and initiate tasks.