In Kohlberg's theory, at which level moral development is internalized and not based on external standards ?

Question

Accepted Answer

In Kohlberg's theory, the **Post-conventional level** is where moral development is internalized and not based on external standards.

Here's why:

*   **Post-conventional Level (Option 3):** At this level, individuals develop their own personal set of ethics and morals. They understand that rules and laws are relative and can be changed if they are not in line with universal ethical principles. Morality is based on abstract reasoning using universal ethical principles. Individuals at this level act according to what they believe is right, regardless of whether it conforms to societal norms or laws. This demonstrates internalized moral principles, independent of external authority.

Here's why the other options are incorrect:

*   **Pre-conventional Level (Option 1):** At this level, morality is externally controlled. Children accept and obey the rules of authority figures and judge an action based on its direct consequences. Morality is self-centered and based on avoiding punishment or gaining rewards. Therefore, it is entirely based on external standards, not internalized ones.

*   **Conventional Level (Option 2):** At this level, individuals uphold the laws and rules of society simply because they are the laws and rules. Moral reasoning is based on maintaining social order and gaining approval from others. Individuals at this level conform to societal norms and expectations. Morality is based on external standards, specifically societal expectations and laws, not internalized principles.

*   **Mutual Interpersonal Level (Option 4):** This is not a recognized level in Kohlberg's theory. The conventional level includes stages focused on interpersonal relationships and maintaining social order, but "Mutual Interpersonal Level" is not a distinct level on its own. The conventional level is still based on external standards of social approval and maintaining relationships.