According to Lawrence Kohlberg's theory, "Performing an act and doing something because others approves it", represents stage of morality.

Question

Accepted Answer

Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development is a framework that explains the progression of moral reasoning through different stages. According to this theory, moral development occurs in three levels, each consisting of two stages. The correct answer, Option 2, "Conventional," is justified as follows:

1. **Explanation for Option 2 (Conventional):**
   - The Conventional level of Kohlberg's theory includes Stage 3 (Interpersonal Relationships) and Stage 4 (Maintaining Social Order). In Stage 3, individuals make moral decisions based on social approval and the desire to maintain good relationships with others. This stage is often characterized by behavior that seeks to gain approval from others, which aligns with the description "performing an act and doing something because others approve it." Therefore, Option 2 is correct because it accurately represents the stage where moral reasoning is heavily influenced by social norms and the expectations of others.

2. **Explanation for why other options are incorrect:**

- **Option 1 (Pre-conventional):**
     - The Pre-conventional level includes Stage 1 (Obedience and Punishment Orientation) and Stage 2 (Individualism and Exchange). At this level, moral reasoning is primarily based on personal consequences, such as avoiding punishment or seeking personal gain, rather than social approval. Therefore, it does not align with the concept of performing acts for social approval, making Option 1 incorrect.

- **Option 3 (Post-conventional):**
     - The Post-conventional level includes Stage 5 (Social Contract and Individual Rights) and Stage 6 (Universal Principles). At this level, moral reasoning is based on abstract principles and the recognition of universal ethical values, rather than seeking approval from others. Individuals at this stage prioritize justice and human rights over social norms, which is not consistent with the description provided. Thus, Option 3 is incorrect.

- **Option 4 (Formal conventional):**
     - The term "Formal conventional" is not a recognized stage in Kohlberg's theory of moral development. The theory specifically outlines the Pre-conventional, Conventional, and Post-conventional levels. Since "Formal conventional" does not exist within this framework, Option 4 is incorrect.

In conclusion, Option 2, "Conventional," is the correct answer because it accurately reflects the stage in Kohlberg's theory where moral reasoning is influenced by the desire for social approval and adherence to social norms.