The concept of 'Scaffolding' has been given by :

Question

Accepted Answer

The concept of 'Scaffolding' is attributed to Lev Vygotsky, making Option 3 the correct answer. Vygotsky was a prominent psychologist known for his work on cognitive development, and he introduced the idea of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). Scaffolding is a teaching method that involves providing support to students as they learn new concepts, gradually removing the support as they become more proficient. This approach aligns with Vygotsky's theory, which emphasizes the importance of social interaction and guidance in learning.

Now, let's explain why the other options are incorrect:

1. **Thorndike**: Edward Thorndike was an American psychologist known for his work on the theory of connectionism and the law of effect, which are related to learning through trial and error. His focus was on behaviorism and the role of reinforcement in learning, not on scaffolding or social interaction in cognitive development.

2. **Pavlov**: Ivan Pavlov was a Russian physiologist best known for his research on classical conditioning. His work involved the study of reflexes and conditioned responses, which are unrelated to the concept of scaffolding. Pavlov's theories do not address the social and interactive aspects of learning that scaffolding involves.

3. **Skinner**: B.F. Skinner was an American psychologist who developed the theory of operant conditioning. His work focused on the use of reinforcement and punishment to shape behavior, which is a different approach from the social and supportive learning environment described by scaffolding. Skinner's theories are more aligned with behaviorism than with the cognitive and social aspects emphasized by Vygotsky.

In summary, the concept of scaffolding is closely linked to Vygotsky's theories on cognitive development and social learning, making Option 3 the correct choice. The other options represent psychologists whose work does not align with the principles of scaffolding.