The education which promotes 'learning by doing' and ensures the student's interaction with their environment to learn, that is known as :

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Accepted Answer

The correct option is (2):

Progressive education is the movement that directly champions the core principles mentioned in the question: "learning by doing" and ensuring the student’s active "interaction with their environment to learn." This philosophy, greatly influenced by thinkers like John Dewey, views education as a continuous reconstruction of experience, placing the student at the center of the learning process. It emphasizes experiential learning, problem-solving, and critical thinking, encouraging students to engage directly with real-world problems and manipulate their environment. By focusing on practical activities and authentic engagement rather than rote memorization, progressive education fosters deeper understanding and the development of essential life skills.

The incorrect option is (1):
Special education refers to instruction specifically designed to meet the unique needs of students with disabilities or exceptionalities. While it uses many specialized methods, its primary focus is on adaptation and support for specific needs, not the general principle of experiential learning for all students.

The incorrect option is (3):
Integrated education focuses on combining different groups of students (often those with and without disabilities) in the same general classroom setting for some or all of the school day. Its goal is social inclusion and mainstreaming, not fundamentally defining the pedagogical method as "learning by doing."

The incorrect option is (4):
Inclusive education is a philosophy and practice aimed at ensuring that all students, regardless of ability or background, are educated together in the regular classroom setting. Like integrated education, its primary focus is on equity, access, and participation, not the instructional methodology of 'learning by doing' as a defining characteristic.