Those needs that are satisfied externally, such as physiological and safety needs are:

Question

Accepted Answer

The correct option is 1:

In Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, the five levels are grouped into two fundamental categories to distinguish their nature and source of satisfaction. The two most basic and foundational levels—Physiological needs and Safety needs—are collectively classified as **Lower-order needs**. These needs are primal for physical survival and security; consequently, their satisfaction is largely dependent on *external* factors or provisions, such as a steady income, job security, shelter, and food provided by the environment or an employer. Maslow also referred to them as 'Deficiency Needs' (D-Needs) because motivation to satisfy them arises from a deprivation or lack of the necessary external resources.

The incorrect option is 2:

**Self-actualization needs** sit at the very top of Maslow's pyramid. They are classified as a **Growth Need** and are an *internal* drive to realize one's full potential and pursue personal fulfillment, creativity, and self-development. Unlike the lower-order needs, they are not deficiency-driven or satisfied by external provisions; instead, their satisfaction leads to increased personal growth and a desire for more of that growth. This makes them fundamentally different from the externally satisfied physiological and safety needs.

The incorrect option is 3:

**Higher-order needs** generally refer to the two topmost levels of Maslow’s hierarchy: Esteem and Self-actualization. These needs are predominantly *internal* and *psychological* in nature. For instance, Esteem needs involve internal feelings of self-worth and external recognition, while Self-actualization is purely intrinsic. Therefore, this classification is the antithesis of the externally satisfied Physiological and Safety needs that are mentioned in the question.

The incorrect option is 4:

**Middle-order needs** is not a formally accepted or standard classification within the Maslow’s theory. While the Love and Belonging needs (the third level) are sometimes considered intermediate psychological needs between the basic and higher levels, the phrase is not a recognized grouping that specifically encompasses the Physiological and Safety needs. These two specific needs are consistently and correctly grouped as Lower-order needs.