Which of the following is not the type of "Psychophysical Method" of study of Educational Psychology ?

Question

Accepted Answer

Modifying the individual attitude is not a psychophysical method. Here's why:

*   **Why Option 4 is Correct: Modifying the individual attitude**

Psychophysical methods are concerned with measuring the relationship between physical stimuli and the sensations and perceptions they evoke. Modifying an individual's attitude, while relevant to educational psychology, deals with changing their beliefs, feelings, or behaviors towards something. This involves cognitive and affective processes, not the direct measurement of sensory thresholds or discrimination abilities that are central to psychophysics. Attitude modification techniques fall under areas like social psychology, learning theory, or counseling psychology, not psychophysics.

*   **Why the other options are incorrect:**

*   **Option 1: The method of minimal changes or method of limits:** This *is* a psychophysical method. It involves presenting stimuli in ascending or descending order of intensity until the participant can detect it (absolute threshold) or notices a difference between two stimuli (difference threshold).

*   **Option 2: The method of constant stimuli:** This *is* a psychophysical method. It involves presenting a set of stimuli with different intensities in a random order. The participant indicates whether they detect the stimulus or can discriminate it from a standard stimulus. This method is used to determine the absolute and difference thresholds.

*   **Option 3: The method of average or mean error:** This *is* a psychophysical method (also known as the method of adjustment). The participant adjusts a stimulus until it appears equal to a standard stimulus. The average difference between the participant's adjustment and the standard stimulus is then calculated as a measure of accuracy.