Which one of the following statement is not correctly matched ?

Question

Accepted Answer

The correct option is 2:
The statement "Politics is the arena of mutual cooperation. - Marxist view of Politics" is not correctly matched. The Marxist view of politics is fundamentally defined by conflict, not cooperation. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels viewed society as being structured by class conflict, specifically the inherent, irreconcilable struggle between the bourgeoisie (owners of the means of production) and the proletariat (the working class). For Marxists, the State and politics are essentially instruments used by the ruling class to maintain economic dominance, exploit the working class, and suppress dissent. Therefore, politics is seen as an arena of class struggle, coercion, and domination, where the interests of the powerful are enforced. The goal of Marxist political action is not cooperation within the existing political structure, but rather the revolutionary overthrow of the capitalist state and the establishment of a classless, stateless communist society. Mutual cooperation might be an idealized state *after* the revolution, but politics *under capitalism* is defined by fundamental opposition.

The incorrect option is 1:
The statement "Politics is an instrument of conciliating the conflicting interests. - Liberal view of Politics" is correctly matched. Liberalism, especially in its modern form, views politics primarily as a mechanism for managing social diversity and resolving disagreements peacefully. Liberals recognize that society contains numerous conflicting interests (between workers and management, different social groups, regions, etc.), but they believe that through institutions like democracy, the rule of law, compromise, and bargaining, these conflicts can be reconciled and contained without resorting to violence. The state's function, in this view, is to act as a neutral umpire or mediator to balance these competing claims and ensure stability.

The incorrect option is 3:
The statement "Politics is a group activity. - Pluralist view of Politics" is correctly matched. Pluralism is a theory of politics that holds that power in society is dispersed among numerous competing groups (interest groups, lobbies, associations, etc.), rather than being concentrated in a single ruling elite or class. Pluralists believe that the political process is essentially a competition between these groups, and politics is therefore defined by their collective activities, influence, bargaining, and negotiation. Since no single group dominates perpetually, the state’s policies emerge as a result of the pressure and counter-pressure exerted by this multitude of organized groups.

The incorrect option is 4:
The statement "Politics is an instrument to the pursuit of common good. - Communitarian view of Politics" is correctly matched. Communitarianism, which emerged partly as a critique of liberal individualism, emphasizes the importance of community, shared values, and the collective good. This perspective rejects the liberal focus on individual rights and conflicting self-interests, arguing instead that political activity should aim towards identifying, cultivating, and achieving objectives that benefit the community as a whole. For communitarians, politics is moral and purposeful, serving as the primary instrument for citizens to deliberate and decide on the shared values and the "common good."