Which sentence regarding environmentalism is not correct?
A. Arne Naess is considered as father of deep ecology.
B. Murray Bookchin is the inventor of Gaia hypothesis.
C. Term ecology is derived from Latin word Oikos.

Question

Accepted Answer

The correct option is 3: Only B, C.

This option states that sentences B and C are the ones that are "not correct" regarding environmentalism.

Sentence A: Arne Naess is considered as the father of deep ecology. This statement is correct. Arne Naess (1912-2009), a Norwegian philosopher, coined the term "deep ecology" in 1973 and laid the philosophical foundation for this branch of environmental ethics, distinguishing it from "shallow ecology."

Sentence B: Murray Bookchin is the inventor of Gaia hypothesis. This statement is incorrect. The Gaia hypothesis, which posits that the Earth and its biological systems function as a single, self-regulating superorganism, was invented and developed by British chemist James Lovelock and microbiologist Lynn Margulis, not Murray Bookchin. Murray Bookchin (1921-2006) was a prominent American anarchist and environmentalist known for developing the concept of social ecology.

Sentence C: The term ecology is derived from the Latin word Oikos. This statement is incorrect. The term "ecology" was coined in 1866 by the German zoologist Ernst Haeckel. It is derived from the Greek words *oikos* (meaning "house" or "habitat") and *logia* (meaning "study of"). The root is Greek, not Latin. Since statements B and C are factually incorrect, the set B and C (Option 3) represents the incorrect sentences.

The incorrect option is 1: Only C.
This option is incorrect because it implies that only statement C is factually wrong, and that B is correct. As established, statement B (attributing the Gaia hypothesis to Murray Bookchin) is also incorrect, making this option incomplete.

The incorrect option is 2: Only A, C.
This option is incorrect because it claims both A and C are incorrect statements. Statement A, "Arne Naess is considered as the father of deep ecology," is a correct statement, as confirmed by historical and philosophical records. Since A is correct, this option cannot be the answer to the question "Which sentence... is *not* correct?"

The incorrect option is 4: All A, B, C, D.
This option is incorrect for two reasons. First, there is no statement D provided in the question. Second, it claims statements A, B, and C are all incorrect. As explained, statement A is correct, rendering this option invalid.