Who explain photoelectric effect by using plank quantum theory?

Question

Accepted Answer

The correct option is (2):

Albert Einstein explained the photoelectric effect in 1905, building upon Max Planck's quantum theory. Planck had earlier proposed that energy is radiated and absorbed in discrete packets called quanta. Einstein extended this idea, suggesting that light itself consists of these energy packets, which he called photons. When these photons strike a metal surface, their energy is transferred to the electrons. If a photon has sufficient energy (greater than the work function of the metal), it can eject an electron. Einstein's revolutionary explanation linked the energy of these photons directly to the frequency of light ($E=h
u$), successfully explaining phenomena like the existence of a threshold frequency and the instantaneous emission of electrons, which classical wave theory of light could not account for. This work earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921.

The incorrect option is (1): Newton

Isaac Newton was a classical physicist who contributed significantly to mechanics and optics, proposing the corpuscular theory of light. However, his work predates the development of quantum theory by centuries, and he did not explain the photoelectric effect. His understanding of light was based on particles, but without the quantum concept of energy.

The incorrect option is (3): Bohr

Niels Bohr developed a quantum model of the atom, explaining atomic spectra and the stability of electron orbits. While Bohr's work was crucial in the development of quantum mechanics, particularly his postulates about quantized energy levels in atoms, he did not explain the photoelectric effect. That specific phenomenon was addressed earlier by Einstein.

The incorrect option is (4): Thamson

There isn't a prominent physicist named "Thamson" known for explaining the photoelectric effect using Planck's quantum theory. J.J. Thomson is known for discovering the electron, and G.P. Thomson for electron diffraction, but neither is credited with the quantum explanation of the photoelectric effect.