Who was the exponent of the method of Insight learning?

Question

Accepted Answer

The correct option is 2:
Wolfgang Köhler was the principal exponent of the theory of Insight Learning, which is a key concept within the Gestalt school of psychology. Köhler conducted famous experiments between 1913 and 1917 involving chimpanzees, most notably "Sultan," who was required to use tools (like sticks or stacking boxes) to reach bananas placed out of reach. Insight learning, in this context, refers to the sudden realization of a solution to a problem, which is distinct from trial-and-error learning. Köhler demonstrated that learning occurs through the sudden grasping of the whole situation and the relationship between the elements, rather than through gradual, incremental conditioning. This cognitive approach emphasizes reorganization and restructuring of the problem elements in the mind.

The incorrect option is 1:
Edward Thorndike is best known for his work on the Law of Effect and the theory of connectionism, particularly the concept of 'trial and error' learning. His theory contrasts directly with insight learning, as it proposes that learning is a gradual process resulting from the stamping in of correct responses and the stamping out of incorrect ones through consequences.

The incorrect option is 3:
Davis is not traditionally recognized as a primary proponent or founder of a major established theory of learning such as Insight Learning, which is a concept rooted deeply in 20th-century psychological schools like Gestalt. This name is not associated with the development of the Insight learning method.

The incorrect option is 4:
B.F. Skinner is the central figure in behaviorism and the development of Operant Conditioning. His research focused on reinforcement and punishment to shape voluntary behavior, which represents an environmental and consequence-based learning model, standing in opposition to the cognitive principles of Insight Learning.