Wilson's disease causes accumulation of which metal in the liver, kidney and brain?

Question

Accepted Answer

Wilson's disease is a rare genetic disorder that leads to excessive accumulation of copper (Cu) in the body, particularly in the liver, brain, and kidneys. This condition is caused by a mutation in the ATP7B gene, which is responsible for regulating copper transport and excretion. When this gene is defective, copper is not properly eliminated from the body, resulting in its toxic buildup.

1. **Explanation for Option 1 (Cu):**
   - Copper is an essential trace element necessary for various bodily functions, including the formation of red blood cells and the maintenance of nerve cells and the immune system. However, in Wilson's disease, the body's inability to excrete excess copper leads to its accumulation, causing damage to organs such as the liver, brain, and kidneys. This accumulation can result in liver disease, neurological symptoms, and psychiatric disturbances. The treatment for Wilson's disease often involves medications that help remove excess copper from the body or prevent its absorption.

2. **Explanation for why other options are incorrect:**
   - **Option 2 (Fe - Iron):** Iron accumulation in the body is associated with a different condition known as hemochromatosis, not Wilson's disease. Hemochromatosis leads to excessive iron storage in organs, which can cause damage over time. Therefore, iron is not the metal involved in Wilson's disease.
   - **Option 3 (Ca - Calcium):** Calcium is a vital mineral for bone health and various metabolic processes. Disorders related to calcium imbalance include conditions like hypercalcemia or hypocalcemia, but these are not related to Wilson's disease. Calcium does not accumulate in the liver, brain, or kidneys in Wilson's disease.
   - **Option 4 (Mg - Magnesium):** Magnesium is another essential mineral involved in numerous biochemical reactions in the body. While magnesium imbalances can lead to health issues, they are not related to Wilson's disease. Magnesium does not accumulate in the organs affected by Wilson's disease.

In conclusion, Wilson's disease is specifically characterized by the accumulation of copper (Cu) in the liver, brain, and kidneys, making Option 1 the correct answer.