Yamini Roy was influenced by:

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Accepted Answer

The correct option is 2:
Yamini Roy, one of the pioneers of modern Indian art, was profoundly influenced by **Kali Ghat Pat Chitran**. After his initial training in Western academic art proved unsatisfying, Roy sought an authentically Indian artistic vocabulary. The Kalighat Pat paintings, a form of bazaar art created by *patuas* (scroll painters) in 19th-century Calcutta (Kolkata), provided him with the ideal inspiration. He adopted the key stylistic features of the Kalighat tradition: its vigorous, sweeping lines, large simplified figures, flat colour application, and monumental yet simple compositions. This direct adoption of the indigenous folk tradition helped him forge a distinctive "Neo-Primitive" style, moving Indian modern art away from Western influence and establishing a uniquely Indian modernist aesthetic.

The incorrect option is 1:
Phad Chitran is a distinct style of religious scroll painting originating from Rajasthan, particularly the Bhilwara region. This art form is traditionally created on a cloth (*phad*) and is dedicated to folk deities like Pabuji and Devnarayan. Stylistically, Phad paintings are characterized by crowded, continuous narrative compositions that document the folk deities' epics. These compositions, which are full of multiple scenes, are very different from the bold, simplified single-figure, frontal compositions of the Kalighat Pat. While both are folk arts, the geographical origin and dense narrative style of Phad Chitran do not align with the minimalist and powerful visual elements that Yamini Roy incorporated into his work.

The incorrect option is 3:
Madhubani style, or Mithila painting, is a famous folk art primarily practiced by women in the Mithila region of Bihar. It is known for its intricate geometrical patterns, double-line borders, and detailed filling of the entire surface, often using natural dyes. This style's emphasis on complex line work and intricate detailing creates a dense aesthetic. This is a stylistic contrast to the broad, simple planes of colour and the powerful, economical outlines that define Yamini Roy's final style, which was directly derived from the more direct and fluid brushstrokes of the Kalighat artists.

The incorrect option is 4:
Apabhransh style, dating roughly from the 11th to 15th centuries, refers to the miniature painting style that flourished in Western India (Gujarat and Rajasthan). It is a medieval miniature tradition characterized by specific artistic conventions such as angularity in figures and the distinctive *far-away eye* protruding into space. Yamini Roy's work belonged to the 20th-century modern art movement, and his search was for a contemporary connection to indigenous, everyday folk vitality. He drew from the vibrant, popular, and relatively contemporary art of Kalighat, rather than the established, highly conventionalized forms of a medieval miniature school like Apabhransh.