According to Freud the age range of 'Oral Stage' of psycho-sexual development is:

Question

Accepted Answer

According to Sigmund Freud's theory of psycho-sexual development, the 'Oral Stage' is the first stage and occurs from birth to approximately one year of age. This stage is characterized by the infant's primary source of interaction with the world being through the mouth. During this period, the infant derives pleasure from oral activities such as sucking, biting, and breastfeeding. The mouth is the primary erogenous zone, and the infant's oral needs are crucial for their development and sense of security.

1. **Justification for Option 1 (Birth to one year):**
   - Freud posited that the oral stage is the initial phase of psycho-sexual development, starting from birth and lasting until about one year of age. This stage is critical as it lays the foundation for future personality traits and behaviors. The infant's primary focus is on oral gratification, and successful completion of this stage leads to a sense of trust and comfort.

2. **Explanation for why other options are incorrect:**
   - **Option 2 (Birth to two years):** This option is incorrect because the oral stage does not extend to two years. Freud's theory specifies that the oral stage concludes around the end of the first year. After this stage, the child enters the 'Anal Stage,' which typically begins around the age of one to three years.
   - **Option 3 (Birth to three years):** This option is incorrect as it extends beyond the oral stage into the anal stage. The oral stage is specifically limited to the first year of life, after which the focus shifts to the anal stage, where the child begins to gain control over bowel and bladder movements.
   - **Option 4 (None of these):** This option is incorrect because Option 1 accurately describes the age range of the oral stage according to Freud's theory. Therefore, it cannot be "None of these" as Option 1 is indeed correct.

In conclusion, Option 1 is the correct answer as it aligns with Freud's definition of the oral stage occurring from birth to one year, marking the beginning of psycho-sexual development.