During Sultanate period the Barid-e-Mumalik was:

Question

Accepted Answer

The correct option is 2:

The correct option is 2:
The term Barid-e-Mumalik (or Barid-i-Mumalik) refers to the Head of the state news agency and the Chief of the Intelligence Department during the Delhi Sultanate period. This was one of the most crucial administrative posts, essential for maintaining the Sultan's absolute control over the vast empire. The Barid-e-Mumalik was responsible for gathering confidential information and reports on all significant happenings across the provinces, including the activities of governors, local officials, and the general public. He managed an extensive network of intelligence agents known as *Barids* or *Munihiyan* at the local levels, who would send regular reports back to the central government. This surveillance system acted as the Sultan's eyes and ears, ensuring that no potential dissent or conspiracy went unnoticed, thereby strengthening the central authority and administration.

The incorrect option is 1:
Option 1, Chief of the Army, is incorrect. The highest military official or Minister in charge of the army during the Sultanate period was known as the *Ariz-i-Mumalik* (or *Diwan-i-Ariz* was the department). While the Ariz-i-Mumalik was responsible for the recruitment, equipment, supply, and payment of the army, the Sultan himself generally remained the Commander-in-Chief. The Barid-e-Mumalik's function was purely related to intelligence and news gathering, distinct from the military command and maintenance held by the Ariz-i-Mumalik.

The incorrect option is 3:
Option 3, Revenue Minister, is incorrect. The most important financial and revenue authority was the *Wazir*, who headed the revenue department, known as the *Diwan-i-Wizarat*. The *Wazir* looked after the state finances, revenue collection, and expenditure, making the role completely separate from the intelligence work performed by the Barid-e-Mumalik. At the local level, the officer in charge of revenue collection was often called the *Amil*.

The incorrect option is 4:
Option 4, Chief of Cavalry, is incorrect. The Chief of Cavalry was not typically known by the specific title of Barid-e-Mumalik. While the army had various officials overseeing different wings like cavalry, infantry, and elephants, the overarching head of the military was the Ariz-i-Mumalik. The Barid-e-Mumalik had no direct role in military logistics or command, focusing instead on covert operations and information relay.