Fill in the blanks:
The book "Principles of Scientific Management" written by .............. and published in year .............. .

Question

Fill in the blanks: 
The book "Principles of Scientific Management" written by .............. and published in year .............. .

Accepted Answer

The correct option is 3: F. W. Taylor, 1911

The book The Principles of Scientific Management is the definitive work that launched the entire movement of scientific management. It was authored by **Frederick Winslow Taylor (F. W. Taylor)**, who is universally acknowledged as the 'Father of Scientific Management' for his pioneering efforts to improve industrial efficiency. The book was officially **published in 1911**, detailing his revolutionary system for applying scientific methods to the production process. Taylor’s central goal was to replace the old 'rule-of-thumb' methods with precise, systematic analysis, famously advocating for a strict separation between management planning and worker execution to ensure maximum productivity and prosperity for both the employer and the employee.

The incorrect option is 1: Mary Parker Follet, 1923

Mary Parker Follet was an extremely influential theorist, but her main contributions belong to the neoclassical, or behavioral, school of management thought, not Scientific Management. Her work focused heavily on organizational behavior, emphasizing the importance of human relations, group dynamics, and conflict resolution through integration and shared power. Follet is a key figure in democratic management theory, making her ideas fundamentally different from Taylor's task-based, mechanistic approach. The year 1923, while within her active period, is not associated with this particular foundational text.

The incorrect option is 2: Michael Porter, 1992

Michael Porter is a contemporary and highly regarded strategic management scholar, recognized for his work on competitive strategy and industry analysis. His most famous contributions, such as the Five Forces framework and generic strategies, are cornerstones of modern business school curricula. These works were published decades later, in the late 20th century, notably *Competitive Strategy* in 1980, making the combination of his name and the year 1992 entirely incorrect for a book written in the early 1900s.

The incorrect option is 4: F. W. Taylor, 1917

F. W. Taylor is indeed the correct author of the book, which makes the first part of this option accurate. However, the publication year **1917 is incorrect**. Taylor's masterpiece, *The Principles of Scientific Management*, was published in **1911**. While Taylor continued his work until his death in 1915, and the book saw many subsequent printings and international circulation, the original and historically significant publication year is 1911, not 1917.