In malaria, the product released by mosquito into blood that cause chill and fever, is called :

Question

Accepted Answer

In malaria, the product released by the mosquito into the blood that causes chills and fever is called "haemozoin," which is Option 4. Here's a detailed explanation supporting why Option 4 is correct and why the other options are incorrect:

1. **Haemozoin (Option 4):** Haemozoin is a byproduct formed during the digestion of hemoglobin by the malaria parasite, Plasmodium, within red blood cells. When the parasite consumes hemoglobin, it releases toxic free heme, which it converts into an insoluble crystalline form known as haemozoin to avoid toxicity. The accumulation of haemozoin in the bloodstream is associated with the symptoms of malaria, such as chills and fever. This is because haemozoin can stimulate the immune system, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are responsible for the characteristic fever and chills experienced during a malaria infection.

2. **Schuffner's dot (Option 1):** Schuffner's dots are not related to the cause of chills and fever in malaria. They are granules found in red blood cells infected with Plasmodium vivax or Plasmodium ovale. These dots are a morphological feature observed under a microscope and do not directly cause the symptoms of malaria.

3. **Rhizotoxin (Option 2):** Rhizotoxin is not related to malaria. It is a toxin produced by certain fungi and has no connection to the malaria parasite or the symptoms it causes. Therefore, it is not relevant to the context of malaria and its symptoms.

4. **Hematin (Option 3):** Hematin is a derivative of heme, similar to haemozoin, but it is not the specific product released by the malaria parasite that causes symptoms. While hematin can be involved in the breakdown of hemoglobin, it is haemozoin that is specifically associated with the malaria parasite's lifecycle and the resultant symptoms of chills and fever.

In conclusion, haemozoin is the correct answer because it is directly linked to the malaria parasite's activity within the host's red blood cells and is responsible for the immune response that leads to the symptoms of malaria. The other options do not have a direct role in causing the characteristic symptoms of malaria.