In the following who is related to modeling concept?

Question

Accepted Answer

The correct option is 3:
Albert Bandura is unequivocally related to the concept of modeling through his development of the Social Learning Theory, later renamed Social Cognitive Theory. Bandura's key contribution was emphasizing that learning occurs not just through direct experience (like classical or operant conditioning), but also through observing others. This observational learning involves paying attention to a model's behavior, retaining that information, being able to reproduce the action, and being motivated to do so. Modeling, or imitation, is the core mechanism by which children acquire behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions, famously demonstrated in his Bobo doll experiment, which showed children imitating aggressive adult behavior. Bandura's concept highlights the reciprocal interaction between environment, behavior, and cognitive processes in human learning.

The incorrect option is 1:
Sigmund Freud is primarily known for his Psychoanalytic Theory and the concept of psychosexual stages of development (Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital). His focus was on the unconscious mind, internal conflicts, and early childhood experiences shaping personality, not observational learning or modeling.

The incorrect option is 2:
Edward Thorndike is famous for his work on the Law of Effect, which forms the basis of operant conditioning, and his "trial and error" learning framework. His theories center on connections forming between stimulus and response, reinforced by consequences (rewards and punishments), which is distinct from Bandura's emphasis on learning by observing models.

The incorrect option is 4:
J.P. Guilford is best known for his Structure of Intellect model, a comprehensive theory of intelligence that categorized mental abilities into operations, contents, and products. His work is centered on cognitive structure and the dimensions of intelligence, and he is not associated with the concept of modeling in learning theory.