At which level of Kohlberg's moral development does individual's ethical behavior mainly depends on the mindset that “what do people think of me”?

Question

Accepted Answer

In Kohlberg's theory of moral development, the "Conventional" level is where an individual's ethical behavior is primarily influenced by societal norms and the desire for social approval. This level is characterized by the mindset of "what do people think of me?" because individuals at this stage are concerned with conforming to social expectations and maintaining relationships.

1. **Explanation for Option 4 (Conventional):**
   - At the Conventional level, individuals begin to internalize the moral standards of valued adult role models. They are motivated by the approval of others and the desire to maintain social order. This stage is divided into two sub-stages: 
     - **Stage 3: Good Interpersonal Relationships** - Here, individuals act according to what will gain the approval of others. They are concerned with being "good" in the eyes of others and maintaining relationships.
     - **Stage 4: Maintaining Social Order** - At this stage, individuals become aware of the wider rules of society and the importance of obeying laws and fulfilling duties to maintain social order.
   - The focus on "what do people think of me?" aligns with Stage 3, where social approval and maintaining good relationships are paramount.

2. **Explanation for why other options are incorrect:**

- **Option 1 (Postconventional):**
     - The Postconventional level is characterized by abstract reasoning and the recognition of universal ethical principles. Individuals at this level make moral decisions based on principles of justice and rights, rather than social approval. They are less concerned with what others think and more focused on what is ethically right, even if it conflicts with laws or social norms.

- **Option 2 (Preconventional):**
     - The Preconventional level is where moral reasoning is based on personal consequences. Individuals at this stage are motivated by self-interest and the avoidance of punishment. They do not yet consider societal norms or the opinions of others in their decision-making process.

- **Option 3 (Non-conventional):**
     - "Non-conventional" is not a recognized level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development. Therefore, it does not apply to any stage of moral reasoning in this context.

In summary, the Conventional level is the correct answer because it is the stage where individuals are most concerned with social approval and the opinions of others, aligning with the mindset of "what do people think of me?"