"Life presents a continuous chain of struggle for existence and survivals." is said by

Question

Accepted Answer

The statement "Life presents a continuous chain of struggle for existence and survivals" is attributed to Charles Darwin, making Option 1 the correct answer. Here’s a detailed explanation supporting this choice:

1. **Justification for Option 1 (Darwin):**
   - Charles Darwin is renowned for his theory of evolution by natural selection, which he detailed in his seminal work, "On the Origin of Species." A central tenet of Darwin's theory is the "struggle for existence," which describes how organisms compete for limited resources in order to survive and reproduce. This struggle leads to natural selection, where advantageous traits become more common in a population over generations. Darwin's work fundamentally changed our understanding of life and its development, emphasizing the continuous and competitive nature of survival.

2. **Explanation for why other options are incorrect:**

- **Option 2 (Shaffer):** There is no widely recognized figure named Shaffer associated with the concept of the struggle for existence in the context of evolutionary biology. Therefore, attributing this statement to Shaffer would be incorrect.

- **Option 3 (Jerslid):** Like Shaffer, Jerslid is not a figure known for contributions to evolutionary theory or the concept of the struggle for existence. This makes Option 3 an incorrect choice for the attribution of the statement.

- **Option 4 (Spencer):** Herbert Spencer, a philosopher and contemporary of Darwin, is known for coining the phrase "survival of the fittest." While this phrase is related to Darwin's ideas, Spencer's focus was more on applying evolutionary concepts to sociology and ethics rather than the biological struggle for existence. Therefore, while Spencer's work is related, the specific statement in question is more accurately attributed to Darwin.

In conclusion, the statement about the continuous chain of struggle for existence and survival aligns closely with Darwin's theory of natural selection, making Option 1 the correct answer.