Match the following: List - I – List - II (i) Hinge joint – (a) Tarsal Bones (ii) Pivot joint – (b) Wrist (iii) Gliding joint – (c) Knee (iv) Saddle joint – (d) Head

Q: Match the following: List - I – List - II (i) Hinge joint – (a) Tarsal Bones (ii) Pivot joint – (b) Wrist (iii) Gliding joint – (c) Knee (iv) Saddle joint – (d) Head

Match the following: List - I – List - II (i) Hinge joint – (a) Tarsal Bones (ii) Pivot joint – (b) Wrist (iii) Gliding joint – (c) Knee (iv) Saddle joint – (d) Head

Question

Accepted Answer

The correct option is (4):
This option provides the correct anatomical pairings for the different types of synovial joints listed. A **Hinge joint (i)** permits movement in only one plane, analogous to the hinge of a door, and the **Knee (c)** is a prime example, allowing for flexion and extension. A **Pivot joint (ii)** allows for rotational movement around a single axis; the movement of the **Head (d)** to turn side-to-side is facilitated by the atlantoaxial joint between the first two vertebrae, which is a classic pivot joint. **Gliding joints (iii)**, also called plane joints, are characterized by flat articulating surfaces that permit limited sliding or gliding motion, which accurately describes the small joints between the **Tarsal Bones (a)** in the foot. Lastly, a **Saddle joint (iv)** has reciprocally concave-convex articulating surfaces that allow biaxial movement (two planes). The best-known example is the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb, which is located in the general region of the **Wrist (b)**.

The incorrect option is (1):
Option (1) proposes the match (i)-(c), (ii)-(b), (iii)-(d), (iv)-(a). While the hinge joint to knee pairing is correct, the others are not. Pairing the **Pivot joint (ii) with the Wrist (b)** is inaccurate, as the primary motion of the wrist (radiocarpal joint) is achieved by a condyloid joint, not a pivot joint. The **Gliding joint (iii) is incorrectly matched with the Head (d)**, as the head's rotation is handled by a pivot joint, not a gliding joint, which is found in the ankle or wrist. Furthermore, the **Saddle joint (iv) is incorrectly linked to the Tarsal Bones (a)**, as these bones form gliding joints, whereas the saddle joint is typically found at the base of the thumb.

The incorrect option is (2):
Option (2) suggests the pairings (i)-(b), (ii)-(c), (iii)-(a), (iv)-(d). This option incorrectly identifies the locations for three of the four joint types. The **Hinge joint (i) is incorrectly matched with the Wrist (b)**; the wrist is primarily a condyloid/ellipsoid joint, while the hinge joint is exemplified by the knee or elbow. The pairing of the **Pivot joint (ii) with the Knee (c)** is fundamentally wrong, as the knee is a hinge joint, and pivot joints are strictly for rotation (like the head or forearm). Similarly, the **Saddle joint (iv) is incorrectly matched with the Head (d)**; the saddle joint, responsible for two planes of movement, is not found in the head, which primarily uses a pivot joint for rotation.

The incorrect option is (3):
Option (3) presents the pairings (i)-(d), (ii)-(c), (iii)-(b), (iv)-(a). All four of these pairings are anatomically incorrect. The **Hinge joint (i) is incorrectly matched with the Head (d)**; the head rotates on a pivot joint, whereas the hinge joint allows only flexion/extension. The **Pivot joint (ii) is incorrectly paired with the Knee (c)**, which is a hinge joint and is not primarily used for single-axis rotation. The **Gliding joint (iii) is incorrectly associated with the Wrist (b)** as the primary example, when gliding joints are better represented by the small bones (tarsals/carpals) and their limited movement, not the full wrist complex. Finally, the **Saddle joint (iv) is incorrectly matched with the Tarsal Bones (a)**, which form gliding joints in the foot.