Newton gave three basic laws of motion. This research is categorized as

Question

Accepted Answer

Fundamental research, also known as basic or pure research, is driven by intellectual curiosity and aims to expand the boundaries of human knowledge by discovering fundamental truths, principles, or laws of nature. It focuses on developing theories, establishing vast generalizations, and understanding core natural phenomena without any immediate practical application or commercial goal. The primary objective is simply to "know" and to build a foundational scientific framework that can later serve as the bedrock for practical technologies and interventions.

Correct Option (Option 3):
Fundamental research is explicitly designed to formulate new theories and uncover basic natural principles. Newton’s formulation of the three laws of motion represents a classic example of this methodology because it sought to explain the universal mechanics of force and movement rather than solving a specific engineering problem. These laws established a baseline theoretical framework for classical mechanics, expanding global scientific knowledge globally.

Incorrect Option (Option 1):
Descriptive research is a qualitative or quantitative design focused on systematically describing the characteristics, behaviors, or states of a specific population or phenomenon. It aims to address questions of "what is" rather than discovering the foundational "why" or establishing universal laws of nature. Newton's work went far beyond mere observation and description to establish prescriptive mathematical relationships. Therefore, it cannot be categorized as descriptive research.

Incorrect Option (Option 2):
A sample survey is a specific data-collection methodology used to gather information from a representative subset of individuals to infer trends about a larger population. It is heavily utilized in social sciences and marketing research to understand public opinion, demographics, or socioeconomic behaviors. Because Newton's derivation of physical laws relied on mathematical deduction and observation of physical phenomena rather than polling populations, this option is entirely irrelevant.

Incorrect Option (Option 4):
Applied research is directed toward solving specific, immediate, and practical problems facing society or industry. It utilizes the theoretical frameworks generated by basic science to develop actual technologies, medical treatments, or operational solutions. While engineers utilize Newton's laws to build bridges or aircraft, Newton's original discovery was focused on pure theory building, making it fundamental rather than applied.