Parsi Social Reformer Behramji M. Malabari carried on his campaign against:

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Accepted Answer

The correct option is 1:
Behramji Merwanji Malabari (1853–1912) was one of the most prominent Indian social reformers of the late 19th century, renowned primarily for his tireless campaign against Child Marriage and enforced Widowhood. His efforts were instrumental in bringing about major legislative change. In 1884, he published his "Notes on Infant Marriage and Enforced Widowhood," which attracted widespread attention from both Indian leaders and the British government. This extensive public campaign eventually led to the enactment of the Age of Consent Act in 1891, which raised the minimum age for sexual intercourse for girls from 10 to 12. His dedicated focus on the injustices faced by young girls due to premature marriage cemented his legacy as a champion against child marriage.

The incorrect option is 2:
Polygamy was certainly a social evil, but Malabari’s primary and most famous campaign was focused on the issues directly affecting young girls—child marriage and the resulting enforced widowhood. While other reformers may have tackled polygamy, Malabari's monumental work was centered on the Age of Consent, making child marriage the specific focus of his major campaign.

The incorrect option is 3:
Female Infanticide was a horrific practice actively fought by other British officials and Indian reformers, such as through laws passed in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. However, Malabari’s area of expertise and the subject of his high-profile agitation, which culminated in the 1891 Act, was child marriage, not the prior issue of female infanticide.

The incorrect option is 4:
Widow Remarriage was a cause strongly championed by reformers like Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, leading to the Widow Remarriage Act of 1856. While Malabari was concerned with "enforced widowhood" (the plight of child widows), his specific campaign was aimed at preventing the root cause (Child Marriage) by increasing the Age of Consent, rather than strictly pushing for the right to remarry, which had already seen legislative efforts.