Principle of Golden Section' established by:

Question

Accepted Answer

The correct option is 1:
The principle of the Golden Section, also known as the Golden Ratio or Divine Proportion, was first mathematically established and defined by the ancient Greek mathematician Euclid. In his foundational thirteen-volume treatise, *Elements*, written around 300 BCE, Euclid dedicated an entire section to the rigorous geometric definition of this proportion, which he referred to as dividing a line segment "in extreme and mean ratio." This principle dictates a specific division where the ratio of the whole line to the larger segment is equal to the ratio of the larger segment to the smaller one. While artists and architects may have used the ratio intuitively before his time, Euclid’s work provided the definitive, formal, and theoretical groundwork that made it a quantifiable and studied concept.

The incorrect option is 2:
Sir Isaac Newton was an English physicist and mathematician whose monumental achievements lie in the fields of classical mechanics and calculus, not the origination of the Golden Section. He is best known for formulating the Laws of Motion and the Law of Universal Gravitation in the late 17th century. Newton's contributions, though profoundly influential, occurred more than two millennia after Euclid’s geometric works. His primary focus involved the laws governing physical forces, motion, and gravity, which makes him the wrong historical figure for the establishment of the ancient Golden Section.

The incorrect option is 3:
Michel Eugène Chevreul was a respected French chemist whose fame among artists comes from his foundational work in **colour theory**. He is credited with establishing the principle of simultaneous contrast, which describes how the perception of a colour is altered by the surrounding colours. Chevreul's research influenced the Impressionist and Post-Impressionist movements, specifically focusing on visual perception and the chemical properties of dyes and pigments. His entire body of work is based on the interaction of colours, placing his contribution in a domain entirely separate from the mathematical and geometric origin of the Golden Section.

The incorrect option is 4:
Professor Wilhelm Ostwald was a highly influential Baltic German chemist and a Nobel Laureate. His contribution to aesthetics is the development of the **Ostwald Colour System** in the early 20th century, which provided a comprehensive, standardized, and scientific approach to colour classification based on hue, black content, and white content. While he was concerned with harmonic proportions in design, his work focused on modern colour science and standardization rather than the establishment of ancient geometric principles. His system post-dates Euclid’s work by more than 2,200 years and is not related to the Golden Section's mathematical definition.