Samudragupta adopted the policy of Sarvakardan (pay tribute), Agyakaran (follow order) and Pranamagaman (bow to him) with ruler of :

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Accepted Answer

Samudragupta, one of the most illustrious rulers of the Gupta Empire, is renowned for his military prowess and strategic diplomacy. His reign is marked by a series of successful campaigns that expanded the Gupta Empire significantly. Among his diplomatic strategies was the policy of Sarvakardan (pay tribute), Agyakaran (follow order), and Pranamagaman (bow to him), which he adopted with various rulers to establish his supremacy without engaging in prolonged conflicts.

1. **Explanation for Option 1 (Kamarupa):**
   - Kamarupa, located in the northeastern region of India, was one of the frontier states during Samudragupta's reign. The strategic importance of Kamarupa lay in its geographical position, serving as a gateway to the eastern territories. By adopting the policy of Sarvakardan, Agyakaran, and Pranamagaman with the ruler of Kamarupa, Samudragupta ensured the allegiance of this region without direct annexation. This approach allowed him to maintain control and influence over Kamarupa, securing the eastern borders of his empire and facilitating trade and communication with the northeastern regions. The diplomatic submission of Kamarupa is well-documented in historical records, such as the Allahabad Pillar Inscription, which highlights Samudragupta's diplomatic acumen.

2. **Explanation for why other options are incorrect:**

- **Option 2 (Kanchi):**
     - Kanchi, located in the southern part of India, was a significant cultural and political center. However, Samudragupta's campaigns in the south were more focused on demonstrating his military might rather than establishing tributary relationships. The southern rulers, including those of Kanchi, were more often subdued through direct military campaigns rather than the diplomatic policies of tribute and allegiance.

- **Option 3 (Vengi):**
     - Vengi, situated in the southeastern part of India, was another region that Samudragupta encountered during his southern campaigns. Similar to Kanchi, the approach towards Vengi was primarily military. The rulers of Vengi were defeated in battle, and there is no substantial historical evidence to suggest that Samudragupta adopted the policy of Sarvakardan, Agyakaran, and Pranamagaman with them.

- **Option 4 (Abhira):**
     - The Abhiras were a group located in the western part of India. While they were part of the regions influenced by Samudragupta, the historical records do not specifically mention the adoption of the policy of tribute and allegiance with the Abhiras. The focus of Samudragupta's policies with the Abhiras was more on maintaining peace and stability in the western frontiers rather than establishing a tributary relationship.

In conclusion, the correct answer is Option 1 (Kamarupa) because historical evidence supports the notion that Samudragupta adopted the policy of Sarvakardan, Agyakaran, and Pranamagaman with the ruler of Kamarupa to secure his empire's northeastern frontier through diplomatic means.