Statement :
(A) The number of 'Tals' in Northern Tal System is not fixed. The form of each 'Tal' is fixed. It is not possible to change it.
(R) The basic composition played on the percussion instrument is 'Theka', its predominance remains in vocal-instrumental from beginning to end.

Question

Accepted Answer

Option 1 is the correct answer, which states that both statements A and R are true. Let's explore why this is the case:

1. **Explanation for Statement A:**
   - Statement A mentions that the number of 'Tals' in the Northern Tal System is not fixed, but the form of each 'Tal' is fixed and cannot be changed. This is true because the Northern Tal System, which is a part of Indian classical music, consists of various rhythmic cycles known as 'Tals'. While there are numerous 'Tals' that musicians can choose from, each 'Tal' has a specific structure and sequence of beats that are traditionally established and followed. This structure is integral to maintaining the identity and integrity of the 'Tal', and thus, its form is fixed.

2. **Explanation for Statement R:**
   - Statement R asserts that the basic composition played on the percussion instrument is 'Theka', and its predominance remains in vocal-instrumental from beginning to end. This is also true. In Indian classical music, 'Theka' refers to the basic rhythmic pattern or framework that is played on percussion instruments like the tabla. It serves as the foundation for both vocal and instrumental performances, providing a consistent rhythmic backdrop throughout the piece. The 'Theka' is crucial for maintaining the rhythm and timing, ensuring that the performance adheres to the chosen 'Tal'.

3. **Why Option 1 is Correct:**
   - Since both statements A and R are true, Option 1 correctly identifies the truthfulness of both statements. The explanation provided for each statement aligns with the principles and practices of Indian classical music, specifically within the context of the Northern Tal System and the role of 'Theka'.

4. **Why Other Options are Incorrect:**
   - **Option 2 (A and R both are false):** This option is incorrect because both statements are factually accurate, as explained above.
   - **Option 3 (A is true and R is false):** This option is incorrect because Statement R is also true, as it accurately describes the role of 'Theka' in Indian classical music.
   - **Option 4 (A is false and R is true):** This option is incorrect because Statement A is true, as it correctly describes the nature of 'Tals' in the Northern Tal System.

In conclusion, Option 1 is the correct answer because both statements A and R accurately reflect the characteristics and practices of the Northern Tal System and the role of 'Theka' in Indian classical music.