The Anand Model of dairy development was set up by Entrepreneur :

Question

Accepted Answer

The correct option is 3: Dr. Verghese Kurien

Dr. Verghese Kurien is universally acknowledged as the "Father of the White Revolution" in India and the entrepreneurial force behind the Anand Pattern of dairy development. The Anand Model, pioneered in the Kaira District of Gujarat and later scaled up across the country through Operation Flood, is a unique three-tier structure designed to eliminate middlemen and put the power directly into the hands of the milk producers. The structure consists of Village Dairy Cooperative Societies (DCS) at the base, District Co-operative Milk Producers’ Unions (like Amul) in the middle, and a State-level Marketing Federation (like GCMMF) at the top. Dr. Kurien's genius lay in merging a strong business model with social equity, ensuring that profits were equitably distributed, and technical services (veterinary care, artificial insemination, and quality feed) were provided to the rural members, transforming dairying into a viable, large-scale, self-sustaining industry that ultimately made India the world’s largest milk producer.

The incorrect option is 1: Professor Mohammed Yunus

Professor Mohammed Yunus is a distinguished global social entrepreneur, but his groundbreaking work is in the field of **microfinance**, not dairy development. He is the founder of the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh, which has achieved international fame and won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006 for pioneering the concept of microcredit—providing small, collateral-free loans to impoverished entrepreneurs. While both Professor Yunus and Dr. Kurien were visionaries focused on rural and social empowerment, their operational fields and models are entirely distinct. The Grameen Model focuses on financial inclusion through lending, whereas the Anand Model focuses on collective production, processing, and marketing through dairy cooperatives.

The incorrect option is 2: Sam Pitroda

Sam Pitroda is primarily recognized for his pivotal role as the architect of India’s **telecommunication and information technology revolution**. He served as an advisor to the Indian government on technology missions, most notably leading the establishment of the Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT) in the 1980s. His work was instrumental in improving connectivity and telephone penetration across India, bridging the digital divide, and laying the groundwork for India’s IT success. His expertise lies in technology, policy, and digitalization, and he has no historical or operational connection to the establishment or expansion of the Anand Model of dairy cooperatives.

The incorrect option is 4: All options are wrong

This option is incorrect because Dr. Verghese Kurien is demonstrably the correct answer. The Anand Model is intrinsically linked to the history of the Kaira District Co-operative Milk Producers' Union (Amul) and the subsequent launch of Operation Flood, both of which were spearheaded by Dr. Kurien. His efforts led to the successful replication of the Anand Pattern across 22 states in India, proving that the model was scalable and effective in empowering millions of small dairy farmers. To state that all options are wrong would be to overlook a universally recognized fact in India's modern economic history.