The following are non-human resources:

Question

Accepted Answer

The correct option is 3: Money and community resources

In the discipline of Home Management and Resource Management, resources are systematically categorised to facilitate goal achievement and efficient use. The fundamental division is between Human Resources and Non-Human (or Material) Resources. Human resources are assets inherent in the individual, such as personal traits, abilities, and internal driving forces. Conversely, Non-Human Resources are external or material assets that are separate from the individual and can be used to meet family or individual needs. The pairing of **Money and community resources** correctly represents this latter category, as neither is an innate characteristic of the person. Money, as an economic and material resource, is tangible and quantifiable, making it the primary example of a non-human asset used for exchange and procurement. Community resources, such as schools, hospitals, public transport, and shared utilities, are institutional or communal assets provided by society, which, while beneficial, are external to the individual and accessible to the public. Thus, the option correctly groups two distinct but appropriate forms of non-human resources.

The incorrect option is 1: Energy and time

This option is incorrect because the classification of its components is mixed, containing both human and non-human elements. **Time** is often classified as a special category of non-human resource as it is finite and equally available to everyone, regardless of personal traits. However, **Energy**—in the context of personal resources—refers to the physical and mental vitality, stamina, and motivation an individual has available to perform tasks. Because personal energy resides within the individual and is a vital, intangible, and personal attribute that determines the capacity for work, it is universally classified as a **Human Resource**. The inclusion of this internal, personal quality means the set as a whole cannot be considered exclusively non-human.

The incorrect option is 2: Knowledge and attitude

This option is incorrect because both elements are quintessential examples of **Human Resources**. **Knowledge** encompasses the accumulated information, experience, and understanding a person possesses, which is an intangible asset stored within the mind. **Attitude** represents a person’s mindset, disposition, or emotional orientation toward a task or goal, serving as a powerful internal motivator. Both are developed, refined, and utilised by the individual throughout their life. They are inseparable from the person and directly influence the effectiveness with which all other resources (including non-human ones like money or time) are managed and applied.

The incorrect option is 4: Skills and ability

This option is also fundamentally incorrect because **Skills and ability** are defining features of **Human Resources**. **Ability** refers to the innate talents or natural capacity a person has to perform a task, while **Skills** are the practical proficiencies acquired through deliberate training, learning, and practice. These are internal, individual assets that determine what an individual is capable of doing. A person uses their skills and abilities to generate income, save time, or improve the quality of a product or service. Since they are internal qualities that cannot be transferred or separated from the person, they are correctly placed in the human resource category.