The "Operation Flood" is related to :

Question

Accepted Answer

The correct option is 3:
Operation Flood, often referred to as the White Revolution in India, was a massive rural development program launched in 1970 by the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB). The primary aim of the program was not just to increase milk output (production) but also to establish a robust, nationwide network for the procurement, processing, and marketing (distribution) of milk by organizing village milk producers into cooperatives. This integrated approach, based on the Anand Pattern of dairy cooperatives, sought to link rural milk producers directly with consumers in urban centers, thereby ensuring higher returns for farmers and making milk available to consumers at reasonable prices. Therefore, the scope of Operation Flood comprehensively covered both the production aspects (e.g., better animal husbandry, feed, and veterinary services) and the distribution aspects (e.g., collection, processing plants, and marketing channels).

The incorrect option is 1:
While increasing milk production was a key objective of Operation Flood (leading to the term "a flood of milk"), the program's success lay in its comprehensive structure that extended beyond just production. Focusing solely on production would ignore the crucial role played by the cooperative structure in linking farmers to the market.

The incorrect option is 2:
Milk distribution, or marketing, was certainly a major component of Operation Flood, especially the thrust to improve the organized dairy sector in major metropolitan cities like Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, and Delhi. However, distribution alone is incomplete, as the program fundamentally relied on and simultaneously boosted rural milk production to support the expanded distribution channels.

The incorrect option is 4:
This option is incorrect because Operation Flood was deeply and directly involved in the dairy sector. Its entire purpose was to transform India from a milk-deficient nation into the world's largest milk producer by focusing explicitly on both the supply side (production) and the market side (distribution) of the dairy economy.