The third stage of group development, characterized by close relationships and cohesiveness is known as:

Question

Accepted Answer

The correct option is 4: Norming Stage

The stage of group development that is characterized by the formation of close relationships and a strong sense of group cohesiveness is correctly identified as the Norming Stage. In Bruce Tuckman's model (Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, Adjourning), this is the third and crucial phase where the group begins to settle its internal affairs. The conflicts and resistance to control that arose during the preceding Storming Stage are largely resolved, and the group develops a common set of expectations and a shared commitment to the team's purpose. Group members feel a genuine sense of belonging, trust one another, and establish the essential behavioral norms that stabilize the structure and shift the focus toward cooperative activity and mutual support.

The incorrect option is 1: Performing Stage
The Performing Stage is the *fourth* stage in the model. While the group exhibits high cohesiveness here, the primary characteristic is not the *development* of relationships, but the *application* of that established cohesion toward goal attainment. In this stage, the group is fully functional, stable, and uses its collective energy to execute the task efficiently. Relationships are already close and accepted, allowing the group to focus on excellence, problem-solving, and productivity without major interpersonal issues.

The incorrect option is 2: Adjourning Stage
The Adjourning Stage is the *final* phase and applies mainly to temporary groups. This stage is characterized by the group's successful completion of its mandate, which leads to the breaking up of the group structure. The emotional response is one of closure and disengagement, as members prepare to separate. Therefore, this stage represents the dissolution of the group and its relationships, which is the opposite of the close relationships and high cohesiveness described in the question.

The incorrect option is 3: Forming Stage
The Forming Stage is the *initial*, or *first*, stage of group development. At this point, the group is marked by high uncertainty, tentativeness, and a dependence on the leader for direction. Members are simply getting acquainted, exploring the group's purpose, and testing boundaries for acceptable behavior. Cohesiveness is minimal, and relationships are only at the superficial, introductory level, a significant difference from the "close relationships and cohesiveness" of the Norming stage.