Theory of "Separation of power" was propounded by :

Question

Accepted Answer

The theory of "Separation of Power" was propounded by Montesquieu, making Option 2 the correct answer. This principle is a fundamental concept in political science and constitutional law, advocating for the division of government responsibilities into distinct branches to prevent any one branch from exercising the core functions of another. The intent is to provide a system of checks and balances, ensuring that power is not concentrated in a single entity, which could lead to tyranny.

1. **Explanation for Option 2 (Montesquieu):**
   Montesquieu, a French political philosopher, articulated the theory of separation of powers in his seminal work "The Spirit of the Laws" published in 1748. He argued for a tripartite system of government, dividing it into the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Montesquieu believed that this division was essential for preserving political liberty and preventing abuse of power. His ideas greatly influenced the framers of the United States Constitution and have been adopted in various forms by many democratic countries around the world.

2. **Explanation for why other options are incorrect:**

- **Option 1 (Aristotle):** Aristotle, the ancient Greek philosopher, did discuss different forms of government and the concept of governance, but he did not specifically propound the theory of separation of powers. His work focused more on the classification of governments and the idea of a mixed government rather than a strict separation of powers.

- **Option 3 (Carl Friedrich):** Carl Friedrich was a 20th-century political scientist known for his work on constitutionalism and political theory. While he contributed to the understanding of constitutional government, he did not originate the theory of separation of powers. His work often built upon existing theories, including those of Montesquieu.

- **Option 4 (J. S. Mill):** John Stuart Mill was a British philosopher and political economist known for his contributions to liberal political theory, particularly utilitarianism and liberty. While he discussed the importance of individual freedoms and representative government, he did not develop the theory of separation of powers.

In conclusion, Montesquieu's formulation of the separation of powers remains a cornerstone of modern democratic governance, and his influence is evident in the constitutional frameworks of many nations. This justifies why Option 2 is the correct answer.