What is not true about earthworms?

Q: What is not true about earthworms?

What is not true about earthworms?

Question

Accepted Answer

The correct option is 1:

Earthworms are often called "nature's ploughmen" because of their crucial role in enhancing soil fertility and health, a process known as vermicomposting. They are decomposers, meaning they break down organic matter, which ultimately releases nutrients back into the soil, making them more accessible to plants. Therefore, the statement "They reduce nutrients in the soil" is factually incorrect; earthworms actually increase the availability of nutrients by converting complex organic matter into simpler, inorganic compounds. Since the question asks what is *not* true about earthworms, this incorrect statement becomes the correct choice. Their entire ecological function revolves around enriching the soil, not depleting it.

The incorrect option is 2:
The statement "They help in softening the soil" is true. As earthworms move through the soil, they create tunnels and burrows. This continuous tunneling action loosens the soil structure, which helps to increase aeration (allowing oxygen to reach plant roots) and improve water infiltration. This process, known as bioturbation, effectively softens the soil, making it easier for plant roots to grow and reducing soil compaction.

The incorrect option is 3:
The statement "They eat dead leaves and plants" is true. Earthworms are detritivores, meaning their diet primarily consists of dead and decaying organic matter, such as dead leaves, plant roots, and other organic debris. By consuming this material, they begin the breakdown process that converts waste into valuable soil components. This feeding habit is essential for nutrient cycling in ecosystems.

The incorrect option is 4:
The statement "Their faecal matter fertilize the soil" is true. The faecal matter of earthworms is known as "castings" or vermicast. These castings are rich in beneficial microorganisms, concentrated plant nutrients (like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), and humic acids. Because these nutrients are in a highly available form, earthworm castings act as a superior natural fertilizer, contributing significantly to soil productivity.