When 3-nitrobenzaldehyde reacts with $SnCl_{2}$ and HCl then the product is:

Question

Accepted Answer

When 3-nitrobenzaldehyde reacts with $SnCl_{2}$ and HCl, the product formed is 3-amino benzaldehyde. Let's explore why Option 3 is the correct answer and why the other options are incorrect.

### Explanation for Option 3: 3-amino benzaldehyde

The reaction of 3-nitrobenzaldehyde with $SnCl_{2}$ and HCl is a reduction reaction. $SnCl_{2}$ in the presence of HCl is a well-known reducing agent that specifically reduces nitro groups (-NO2) to amino groups (-NH2) in aromatic compounds. In this reaction, the nitro group on the benzaldehyde is reduced to an amino group, resulting in the formation of 3-amino benzaldehyde. This is why Option 3 is the correct answer.

### Explanation for Incorrect Options:

1. **Option 1: 3-nitrobenzyl alcohol**
   - This option is incorrect because the reaction conditions (using $SnCl_{2}$ and HCl) are not suitable for reducing the aldehyde group (-CHO) to an alcohol (-CH2OH). The primary action of $SnCl_{2}$ and HCl is to reduce nitro groups to amino groups, not to affect the aldehyde group.

2. **Option 2: 3-aminobenzyl alcohol**
   - This option is incorrect because, although the nitro group is reduced to an amino group, the aldehyde group is not reduced to an alcohol under these reaction conditions. The presence of $SnCl_{2}$ and HCl does not facilitate the reduction of the aldehyde group to an alcohol.

3. **Option 4: 3-nitro benzyl chloride**
   - This option is incorrect because the reaction conditions do not lead to the formation of a benzyl chloride. The $SnCl_{2}$ and HCl specifically target the reduction of the nitro group to an amino group, and there is no mechanism in this reaction that would convert the aldehyde group to a chloride.

In summary, the reaction of 3-nitrobenzaldehyde with $SnCl_{2}$ and HCl results in the reduction of the nitro group to an amino group, forming 3-amino benzaldehyde, which is why Option 3 is the correct answer.