Which among the following is not the secular literary source of Indian History?

Question

Accepted Answer

The correct option is 3:
The term "secular literary source" refers to historical texts that are not rooted primarily in religious doctrine or mythology; instead, they focus on statecraft, politics, biographies, drama, or grammar, providing historical insights from a non-religious perspective. **Lalit Vistar** (or *Lalitavistara Sūtra*) is a key text belonging to Mahayana Buddhism. It is a detailed and ornate narrative describing the life, deeds, and sermons of the Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama, from his descent from the Tusita heaven until his first sermon in Sarnath. Because its primary content is religious and devotional—intended to propagate the Buddhist faith—it falls under the category of religious literature (Buddhist sources) rather than secular literature, thereby making it the correct answer to the question of which text is *not* secular.

The incorrect option is 1 (Neetisar):
The *Neetisar* (or *Nitisara*) by Kamandaka is a significant text on statecraft and political ethics, similar to the *Arthashastra*. Although it recommends righteous conduct, its focus is on the practical aspects of governance, diplomacy, and the duties of a king, classifying it as a secular literary source.

The incorrect option is 2 (Arthashastra):
The *Arthashastra*, attributed to Kautilya (Chanakya), is the quintessential secular literary source, focusing entirely on political science, economic policy, military strategy, and administration. It systematically details the structure and functions of the state, making it a pivotal non-religious guide for historical study.

The incorrect option is 4 (Mudrarakshasa):
*Mudrarakshasa* is a historical play written by Vishakhadatta, detailing the political maneuvering of Chanakya to place Chandragupta Maurya on the throne after overthrowing the Nanda dynasty. As a work of historical drama primarily concerned with political intrigue and court life, it is considered a secular literary source.