Which of the following Pratihara rulers assumed the title of 'Adivaraha'?

Question

Accepted Answer

The correct option is 2:

Mihirbhoj, who reigned during the 9th century, is historically recognized as the Pratihara ruler who assumed the significant title of 'Adivaraha' (the primordial boar incarnation of Vishnu). This title was not merely ceremonial; it reflected the ruler's devout Vaishnavism and served a powerful political purpose, signifying his role as the protector of the dharma and the state. Mihirbhoj was one of the most powerful rulers of the Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty, known for his extensive military campaigns, particularly against the Palas and Rashtrakutas, which temporarily established Pratihara dominance over much of northern India. The title 'Adivaraha' is prominently found inscribed on his silver coins, providing concrete archaeological evidence of this assumption of title.

The incorrect option is 1:
Nagabhatta II was a prominent early ruler of the Pratihara dynasty, but he did not assume the title of 'Adivaraha'. Nagabhatta II is primarily remembered for his crucial role in establishing the dynasty's power base and making Kanauj the capital after defeating the Rashtrakutas and the Palas, thereby expanding the Pratihara influence considerably. His titles were associated with his conquests and authority, but not specifically 'Adivaraha'.

The incorrect option is 3:
Mahipala was another important ruler in the later phase of the Pratihara dynasty. While he managed to restore some of the prestige of the empire after a period of decline, he is not associated with the title of 'Adivaraha'. Mahipala's reign is known for the visit of the Arab traveler Al-Masudi, but militarily, he faced significant challenges, including renewed attacks from the Rashtrakutas.

The incorrect option is 4:
Mahendrapala, who succeeded his father Mihirbhoj, was also a powerful ruler who maintained the large empire inherited from his father. Mahendrapala expanded the empire further east into Bengal and is noted for his patronage of literature and scholars, particularly the poet Rajasekhara. However, the title of 'Adivaraha' was not taken by Mahendrapala; he used titles like 'Maharajadhiraja' (King of Kings) to denote his imperial status.