Who among the following compilers of Rigveda is an example of social mobility ?

Question

Accepted Answer

The correct option is 4:

Kavash Ailush (Ailush) is considered a prominent example of social mobility during the Vedic period. Traditional accounts and legends suggest that Kavash Ailush was the son of a slave woman (or a Shudra woman), meaning he was born outside the traditionally recognized high-caste (Brahmin) families of seers. Despite his low birth, his profound spiritual insight, knowledge, and merit allowed him to achieve the status of a Rishi (seer/compiler) of the Rigveda. Specifically, he is credited with composing the *Aponaptrīya* hymn (Rig Veda 10.30. 1-15). His inclusion in the Rigvedic tradition, overcoming the barrier of birth, demonstrates that while the Varna system was rigidifying, genuine spiritual and intellectual attainment could still lead to upward social mobility during this era.

The incorrect option is 1: Gautam

Rishi Gautam is one of the Saptarishis (Seven Great Sages) and traditionally belongs to the Brahmin Varna. His lineage is associated with the *Gotra* system (Gautama Gotra), placing him firmly within the established priestly class, and therefore he is not typically cited as an example of social mobility.

The incorrect option is 2: Atri

Rishi Atri is another of the Saptarishis and is traditionally associated with the fifth Mandala of the Rigveda. Like Gautam, he represents an ancient, established Brahmin lineage. His status as a prominent compiler of the Rigveda is based on his inherited or recognized priestly standing, not on overcoming lower-caste origins.

The incorrect option is 3: Bhardwaj

Rishi Bhardwaj is a revered Vedic sage and one of the progenitors of the Brahmin lineage. His name is associated with the sixth Mandala of the Rigveda. He is considered a foundational figure of the priestly class and not someone who achieved Rishi status by transcending significant social barriers.