Who organized his army on decimal basis?

Question

Accepted Answer

The correct option is 3:
The individual famous for organizing his army on a highly effective decimal basis was **Genghis Khan** (often spelled Ganghis Khan). This military innovation was central to the success of the Mongol Empire in the 13th century. Genghis Khan abolished the traditional tribal military structure and replaced it with a unified system where soldiers were organized into units based on multiples of ten: 10 (an *Arban*), 100 (a *Jaghun*), 1,000 (a *Mingghan*), and 10,000 (a *Tumen*). This structure ensured absolute loyalty to the central command rather than to tribal chiefs, facilitated rapid movement and clear communication, and allowed for seamless battlefield deployment and logistical management, making the Mongol army one of the most fearsome fighting forces in history.

The incorrect option is 1:
Attila was the ruler of the Huns in the 5th century. While the Hunnic forces were formidable cavalry, their military organization was primarily based on tribal allegiance and nomadic war bands, not the strict, bureaucratic decimal system introduced centuries later by the Mongols.

The incorrect option is 2:
Alexander the Great (4th century BCE) organized his Macedonian army, notably the infantry *Phalanx* and the elite *Companion Cavalry*, into units based on traditional Greek and Macedonian structures (like *Lochos* or *Syntagma*), which did not utilize a formal decimal system for military administration.

The incorrect option is 4:
Charlemagne, the founder of the Carolingian Empire (8th-9th century CE), relied primarily on a feudal levy system, organizing his forces based on land ownership and vassalage obligations. His military structure, while effective for his time, was fundamentally different and did not employ the Mongolian decimal system.