In which session of Indian National Congress resolutions on 'Swadeshi' and 'Swaraj' were passed ?

Question

Accepted Answer

The correct option is 1:

The Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress in 1906, presided over by Dadabhai Naoroji, was a pivotal moment in the history of the Indian freedom struggle. The session formally adopted resolutions supporting both 'Swadeshi' and 'Swaraj'. The 'Swadeshi' resolution endorsed the boycott of foreign goods, a movement that gained momentum following the 1905 Partition of Bengal, and emphasized the use of indigenous products to promote self-reliance. Crucially, in this session, Dadabhai Naoroji declared 'Swaraj' (self-rule) as the ultimate goal of the Indian people, providing a clear political objective that united the Moderates and the Extremists, although the precise meaning of Swaraj remained a point of contention until the 1907 split.

The incorrect option is 2 (Surat Session, 1907): The Surat Session of 1907 is famous not for passing these resolutions, but for the 'Surat Split,' where the Congress formally divided into two factions, the Extremists and the Moderates, primarily due to disagreements over the scope and methods of implementing the Swadeshi and Boycott movements approved in the previous session.

The incorrect option is 3 (Nagpur Session, 1920): The Nagpur Session of 1920 was significant for adopting a new constitution for the Congress and formally ratifying the resolution for the Non-Cooperation Movement under Mahatma Gandhi's leadership. By this time, Swadeshi and Swaraj were already established principles, but the session focused on a comprehensive shift in the party's structure and strategy toward mass civil disobedience.

The incorrect option is 4 (Lahore Session, 1929): The Lahore Session of 1929 is famous for passing the resolution for 'Purna Swaraj' (Complete Independence) as the official goal of the Congress. This was a progression from the 'Swaraj' declaration of 1906, demanding full severance from British rule, not merely self-rule within the empire.