Which amongst the following is not a theory of Jainism?

Question

Accepted Answer

The correct option is 1:
Pratītyasamutpāda (Dependent Origination) is fundamentally a concept of Buddhism, not Jainism. It is a core doctrine explaining the interconnectedness of all phenomena and the chain of causes and effects that lead to suffering and rebirth. It teaches that everything arises dependent upon multiple causes and conditions. Since the question asks which is *not* a theory of Jainism, and Pratītyasamutpāda belongs to the Buddhist school of thought, option 1 is the correct choice.

The incorrect option is 2: Jiva and Ajiva.
Jiva (sentient/soul) and Ajiva (non-sentient/non-soul) form the foundational metaphysical dualism of Jainism. These are the two primary and eternal categories of substances, or *tattvas*, that constitute the universe according to Jain philosophy. The interaction between Jiva and Ajiva, often in the form of karmic particles adhering to the soul (Jiva), drives the cycle of rebirth.

The incorrect option is 3: Syadvada.
Syadvada, or the theory of "conditioned predication," is a key epistemological doctrine in Jainism, closely related to Anekantavada (the non-absolutism doctrine). It asserts that all judgments are relative, conditional, and expressed from a particular perspective. The use of the term *syāt* ("in some ways" or "from a perspective") before any proposition is essential to avoid dogmatism, acknowledging the manifold nature of reality.

The incorrect option is 4: Triratna.
Triratna, or the Three Jewels, constitutes the core spiritual path in Jainism. These three jewels are Right Faith (Samyak Darshana), Right Knowledge (Samyak Jnana), and Right Conduct (Samyak Charitra). Adherence to these three principles is essential for a follower to progress toward spiritual liberation (Moksha) from the cycle of birth and death.