Which of the following recommended Union Public Service Commission?

Question

Accepted Answer

The correct option is 3:
The Government of India Act, 1935, is the statute that recommended and established the Federal Public Service Commission and the Provincial Public Service Commissions, which are the direct predecessors of the present-day Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) and State Public Service Commissions (SPSCs). While the idea for an independent Public Service Commission was initially considered earlier, the Lee Commission (1923–24) recommended its establishment, and the Government of India Act, 1919, provided for a Public Service Commission for the first time in 1926. However, it was the 1935 Act that provided the formal constitutional and legal framework, structure, and functions for a *Federal* Public Service Commission at the center and a Public Service Commission for each province or a Joint Public Service Commission for two or more provinces. This framework ensured the recruitment and administration of services would remain autonomous, laying the legislative foundation for the UPSC in independent India.

The incorrect option is 1:
Morley Minto Reforms, 1909, also known as the Indian Councils Act of 1909, focused primarily on expanding the size and function of the legislative councils, both at the Central and Provincial levels, and introducing separate electorates for Muslims. These reforms were concerned with legislative representation and had no provision or recommendation related to the establishment of a Public Service Commission.

The incorrect option is 2:
Mont-Ford Reforms, 1919 (Government of India Act, 1919), did recommend and lead to the establishment of a central Public Service Commission in 1926 (the first of its kind). However, the Act itself did not use the terminology "Union Public Service Commission" or directly define the structure as comprehensively as the 1935 Act did for the "Federal Public Service Commission," which is conceptually closer to the Union body.

The incorrect option is 4:
Indian Constitution, 1950, did not *recommend* the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC); rather, it *established* the UPSC as a constitutional body under Article 315. The Constitution formalized the existence and defined the powers, structure, and functions of the UPSC, taking over from the Federal Public Service Commission established under the 1935 Act.