Which one of the following is not associated with Davis model of Geographical cycle ?

Question

Accepted Answer

The Davisian model of the Geographical Cycle, also known as the cycle of erosion, emphasizes a specific sequence of landscape development driven by upliftment, followed by a period of stability during which erosion sculpts the land. Let's analyze why Option 1, "Slow rate of upliftment," is the one *not* associated with the Davis model, and why the other options *are* associated.

**Why Option 1 is Correct: Slow rate of upliftment**

The Davisian model explicitly posits a *rapid* or relatively *quick* upliftment of the landmass. This rapid uplift is crucial because it sets the stage for the subsequent stages of the cycle. The model assumes that upliftment occurs relatively quickly compared to the duration of the erosional processes that follow. If the uplift were slow and continuous, erosion would keep pace with it, and the distinct stages of youth, maturity, and old age, as envisioned by Davis, would not be clearly defined. The rapid uplift creates the initial relief that erosion then works to reduce. Therefore, a *slow* rate of upliftment directly contradicts a fundamental assumption of the Davisian model.

**Why the other options are Incorrect:**

*   **Option 2: Landforms are the result of structure, process, and time:** This is a cornerstone of the Davisian model. Davis famously stated that landform development is a function of structure (geology), process (erosion), and time (stage of the cycle). This is the core concept of the model.

*   **Option 3: Peneplain:** The peneplain is the end product of the Davisian cycle of erosion. It represents a nearly featureless, low-relief plain that is the ultimate result of prolonged erosion over a long period. The concept of the peneplain is integral to the Davisian model.

*   **Option 4: Monadnock:** A monadnock is an isolated hill or mountain that rises above a peneplain. It represents a resistant rock outcrop that has survived the erosional processes that leveled the surrounding landscape. Monadnocks are often cited as evidence supporting the Davisian model, as they are remnants of the original landscape that persist even in the "old age" stage of the cycle.